This article explains what a PWM signal is, and how to generate PWM signal using the ledc peripheral on Espressif devices. It covers the LEDC timer and channel configuration, and shows how to convert a PWM signal into a clean DC value using an RC filter, including the tradeoffs between ripple and response speed.
FOFOCA is an open-source reference design for an AI-governed household robot, built around a Raspberry Pi 5 brain, an ESP32 for real-time motor control and sensor polling, and an ESP32-C3 driving an OLED status display over MQTT. This article walks through the hardware architecture, the firmware running on each Espressif chip, and how all of it connects to a local edge AI server running NVIDIA Nemotron Nano 8B for inference — no cloud dependency required.
